The earth's climate has changed throughout history
just in the last 650,000 years, there have been seven cycles of glacial advance
and retreat, with the abrupt end of last ice age about 7000 years ago and the
start of modern human civilization and also the beginning of modern climate
era. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in
Earth orbit changes the amount of solar energy which our planet receives. The Earth's atmosphere consists of layers called Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
Climate change is generally expressed as the change in the weather pattern in
oceans in land surfaces and in ice sheets occurring over time scales of
decades or longer. Weather is the state of the atmosphere its temperature,
humidity wind, rainfall and so on. It is influenced by the oceans, land surfaces
and ice sheets, which together with the atmosphere form what is called the
‘climate system’. Climate, in its broadest sense, is the statistical
description of the state of the climate system. In some cases, worst climate
change occurs in an area and it cost many lives and human resources. In the
current world, the climate is changing at a rapid pace and it can have very
worst consequences if it wasn't dealt in a proper manner with practical steps
taken. The change in climate is having bad effects on each and everything
that comes in its contact. Such as human health, agriculture and food
security, water supply, transportation, energy, ecosystems, and others and are
expected to become increasingly disruptive throughout this century and beyond.
- Troposphere: The Troposphere is the lowest layer of our atmosphere. Starting at ground level, it extends upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level. Almost all kinds of life exist only in this layer. Most clouds appear here, mainly because 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the troposphere. The higher you go the cooler it is.
- Stratosphere: The Stratosphere starts from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km(31 miles) above the ground level. The ozone layer is also found in this layer. Unlike the troposphere, the temperature in the stratosphere becomes warmer(Increases) as you go higher in the stratosphere.
- Mesosphere: Above the stratosphere starts the Mesosphere which extends up to 85 km (53 Miles).Unlike the stratosphere, the temperature also grows colder as you move high in this layer the coldest temperature -90° C (-130° F) also found at the top of this layer.
- Thermosphere: The layer of rare air above Mesosphere is found Thermosphere high energy rays(especially X-Rays & UV Rays) coming from the sun are absorbed in this layer raising its temperature to several 100-degree Celsius or some times thousand of degrees. The height of the Thermosphere is found anywhere between 500 to 1000 km (311 to 621 Miles) mostly earth satellites orbits in this layer.
- Exosphere: Scientists have considered thermosphere the uppermost layer of our atmosphere but exosphere lies even above the thermosphere and also terms as the "Final Frontier" of our atmosphere it lies somewhere between 100,000 km (62,000 miles) and 190,000 km (120,000 miles. But there is no clear cut upper boundary of exosphere where it fades away into space.
Layers of Atmosphere. |
The
Bad climate affects our Eco-System in a number of ways through Global Warming
and mainly pollution (every kind of pollution) and extensive use of
non-renewable sources of energy, poor waste management system. Talking about
its effects on the main victims of climates cruelty are humans himself.
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